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From the current situation of water resources projectsª²induced resettlement in China, some issues were identified, and some relationships about the resettlement were summarized, including resettlement and development, regional development and resettlement development, short-term investment expansion and sustainable development in reservoir areas, etc. Based on an analysis of the root causes of the resettlement related problems, some influencing factors in current resettlement system were pointed out, and some suggestions were made, such as resettlement policy evaluation, benefit coordination, investment in resettlement projects based on facts, responsibility in resettlement design, and human resources construction for resettlement planners and managers.
ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WATER RESOURCES 2005,25(3):1-4
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Based on the shell-beam element dynamic model for aqueducts with consideration of the fluid-solid coupling, the seismic response of an aqueduct structure in the South to North Water Transfer Middle Line Project was calculated. T he results indicate that seismic response of the aqueduct structure grows with the rise of water level, and that the transverse seismic response and the relative rotation of expansion joints decrease, but the rotation angle of the aqueduct section around the longitudinal axis increases when the fluid-solid coupling is taken into account. Therefore, the fluid solid coupling is of great influences on the seismic response of the aqueduct structure. As a result, it is proposed that the fluid solid coupling dynamic model with different water levels considered should be used in the calculation of the seismic response, and that the seismic response of aqueducts under different shock waves should be calculated for comprehensive reflection of the behavior of aqueducts in actual earthquakes.
ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WATER RESOURCES 2005,25(3):5-7
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For improvement of the minimum pressure in plugs and extension of the application range of the plug energy dissipator, a new type of energy dissipator ¡ªthe combined plug energy dissipator was proposed, and the k-¦Å model was used for calculation of the hydraulic parameters of the energy dissipator. The calculated result shows that the combined energy dissipator can greatly improve the minimum pressure in plugs and cavitation number of water flow as compared with the single plug dissipator, and the efficiency of energy dissipation does not decrease obviously.
ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WATER RESOURCES 2005,25(3):8-10
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In consideration of some new problems occurring in water resources development, utilization, and management in China, a water resources optimal allocation model¡ªthe multipurpose decomposition control model based on primary water purified water coupling allocation, was developed for Zhuhai City according t o the new strategy for water regulation in China and the practical demand of inte- grated water affair management in Zhuhai City, and the calculation process for decomposition coordination coupling was also given. Through iterative calculation for the coupling model and comprehensive contrast analysis, an optimal scheme f or primary waterª²purified water coupling allocation was recommended for Zhuhai C -ity, providing a scientific basis for optimal allocation of water resources and stage construction of safe water resources supply system for the future 20 years of Zhuhai City.
ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WATER RESOURCES 2005,25(3):11-14
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The statistical robustness of the polynomial normal transforms (PNT) w as investigated by use of the Monte-Carlo simulation technique, and the comparison between the linear moment (L-M) method and the PNT method was presented. The results indicate that the PNT method is superior to the L-M method in unbiasness, but slightly inferior to the L-M method in effectiveness for contaminated samples, and that the advantage of the PNT method is more obvious to samples with larger contaminated ratio. Therefore, if samples are contaminated or population distribution is unknown, the PNT method is more likely to provide a better estimation.
ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WATER RESOURCES 2005,25(3):15-17
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In consideration of the fact that the flood water level of some
hydrological sections on the middle and lower Yangtze River, such as the Luoshan
secti on and the Chenglingji section, has been raised sharply, and the duration
of high water level has been prolonged during the past 50 years, a statistical
calculation and analysis was made of a great deal of measured data about water
level, f low rate, sediment concentration, bed configuration, and etc. The
result shows t hat the variation of flood water level on the middle and lower
Yangtze River is closely related to river bed evolution, and that the river bed
deposition and variation of channel configuration are the main reasons of water
level rise and long duration of high water level.
ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WATER RESOURCES 2005,25(3):18-21
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With the unit length of the hollow block slope structure in NIIC section of the north guide levee in the 2ndphase of the deep-d raft channel project as an objective for study, a normal model design for the flume was performed. The permeability curves of different hollow block structures under different construction modes were studied through simulation tests. By comparison with the rock rip-rap slope structure, a scheme for hollow block placement with minimum permeability was derived.
ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WATER RESOURCES 2005,25(3):22-23
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A control strategy for singleª²neuron fuzzy self-adaptive controllers was designed by combination of fuzzy control with neural control. The strategy made full use of the nonlinear approximation of fuzzy logic and the selfadaptability of neural control. The application of the strategy to the simulation of operation process of mixed flow generating units at a hydropower station in two cases shows that the control strategy is of good dynamic performance and adaptability as compared with the conventional PID control system.
ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WATER RESOURCES 2005,25(3):24-26
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In allusion to the serious leakage occurring in the Xibing dam body after water impoundment, the causes of leakage were analyzed, with emphasis on the measures for seepage control adopted for treatment of inter-layer defects, such as boring from the top toward the bottom of the dam body and placement of grout holes perpendicular to the joint face. In consideration of the objectives of the project, special requirements of construction were put forward, including prolonging low-concentration grouting to ensure the sufficient grouting in small pores, avoiding the adoption of batch-type grouting to improve the grouting efficiency, and without setting the upper limit of the time and total amount of grout filling in single holes. The survey of the dam after grouting shows that there is no leakage from the original seepage points, demonstrating the good effect of construction.
ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WATER RESOURCES 2005,25(3):27-31
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In consideration of the particularity of quality detection of
water stop curtains, an introduction was given to the composition and detecting
principle of the ground penetrating radar system, parameter selection for
apparatus, arrangement of surveying line, and methods for data acquisition,
processing and explanation. The effectiveness of the ground penetrating radar in
quality detection was demonstrated by its use in practical projects, and it was
proved to be an important measure for quality detection of water stop curtains.
It is proposed that, apart from some long surveying lines along the curtain,
some short surveying lines should be set perpendicular to the curtain at some
places, and that antennas of high frequency and mid range frequency should be
cooperatively used. Moreover, the continuous work pattern should be adopted to
meet the requirement of high transverse resolution, and field tests should be
carried out to obtain a precise dielectric permittivity based on the data of
geological bores. Then, the corresponding velocity parameter could be obtained
to provide a basis for time depth conversion.
ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WATER RESOURCES 2005,25(3):32-34
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An introduction was given to the optimal design scheme of the new sealing structure¡ªthe water sealing with composite rubber clip plate. The characteristics of the structure, the procedure of its installation, and the method of it s construction were analyzed. It was pointed out that the design of U-shaped section for the sealing belt should be based on the deformation of expansion joints , that its thickness and strength should be rationally designed so that the structure could bear the water pressure of 0.06MPa, and that the GB seal plates should be agglutinated with concrete at bottom. Practices show that the present sealing structure is rational in design and convenient in construct ion and has good effect, providing some references for design and construction of expansion joint sealing structures in similar water diversion projects in China.
ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WATER RESOURCES 2005,25(3):35-37
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In combination with practical projects, an integral design and calculation method was proposed for circular gravity retaining walls of variable height and width with the central angle of 90¡ã,including the calculation of the volumes of the retaining wall and the earth body behind the wall, the active earth pressure, the moment of the active earth pressure, the stability against sliding, and the stress distribution in the foundation. Compared with the conventional calculation method based on unit length of retaining walls, the present method is reasonable in calculation and economical in workload and investment.
ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WATER RESOURCES 2005,25(3):38-40
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The failure modes of concrete beams were divided into seven patterns.
According to the stress characteristics and failure mode, the method to determin
e the axial stress and shear stress distribution was presented, and a cross sect
ion design method in accordance with current codes was also given. Through case
study, it is suggested that the bearing capacity of structures should be
calculated based on the minimum bearing capacity of the dangerous section of
orifices. Finally, two methods to verify the safety of orifice section were put
forward.
ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WATER RESOURCES 2005,25(3):41-44
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Mix proportion design and laboratory performance tests of the silica fume concrete were carried out according to the requirement of concrete design for base plate of the diversion tunnel for ¡°635¡± hydro-power project. The result showed that the compressive strength, flexural strength, and resistance to abrasion and cavitation of the concrete mixed with HLC II I silica fume admixture at 28 days increased by 87.1%, 10.6% and 97.5%, respectively as compared with those of the normal concrete, and that the bond property was improved by treatment of the interface of fresh and original concrete with polyacrylic emulsion cement mortar. Meanwhile, the optimal silica fume-concrete mix proportion suitable for the construction was determined based on field tests. Owing to the adoption of such measures as mixing, transportation, and foundation surface treatment, the quality of silica fume concrete was guaranteed under high temperature and evaporation.
ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WATER RESOURCES 2005,25(3):45-47
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For comparison of the adaptability and accuracy of the compressive strengthª²based forecasting models of concrete carbonation depth, the models were adopted to forecast the concrete carbonation depth for the Weishui project according to the field data of temperature, humidity, and density of CO2 of the project and the strength of concrete core samples from field detection. The comparison of forecast results with measured data shows that the forecasting mo del, presented by NIU Di-tao, et al, is accurate in forecasting for low-strength concrete, that the forecasting model, presented by DI Xiao-tan, et al. well accords with the reality in forecasting for high-strength concrete, while the forecast result of the Smolczyk model is obviously larger than the measured data. Moreover, it is considered that to establish a model for the relationship between the carbonation depth and age-dependent compressive strength of concrete is of great significance as compared to develop a model for the relationship between the carbonation depth and the compressive strength of concrete at 28d.
ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WATER RESOURCES 2005,25(3):48-50
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The plastic cracking performance of dry-sprayed polypropylene fiber concrete used for strengthening the spillway of Mahe Reservoir was studied by in situ spraying of concrete samples. The results indicate that the mixing with low content of polypropylene fiber can reduce the plastic shrinkage and improve the freeze thaw durability of sprayed concrete, and that the bond strength of the interface between sprayed fiber concrete and the stone blocks increases with time, while it is little affected by freeze thaw cycling. It is also concluded that the rebound rate of dry-sprayed fiber concrete can be reduced obviously by adoption of rational materials and techniques.
ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WATER RESOURCES 2005,25(3):51-54
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An introduction was given to the dynamic response test on some key
sections in the powerhouse and diversion steel pipes in several typical
operation cases during the regulation and start up operation of No.1 unit
of the power station on the left bank of the Three-Gorges. The agreement of test
results with those obtained during the process of water filling process of pipes
shows that the large variation of strain of steel pipes is mainly caused by the
variation of water pressure in the pipes. It is also found that the dynamic
response of the test sections reaches the maximum value at the moment of load
rejection of the unit, while the power of vibration is low. Therefore, the
normal operation of the unit will not endanger the structure of the power
station.
ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WATER RESOURCES 2005,25(3):55-57
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In combination with the characteristics of the Heihe River Basin, a
virtual simulation system was constructed for the information system of water
volume operation and management of the Heihe River Basin by use of the 3-D VRMAP
software and three layer system based on the digital elevation model and 2-D GIS
data. With irrigation regions and main channels taken as main objectives to be
reflected, the system controlled the scenes with the GIS multi-layer structure.
Moreover, a real time flood routing simulation, which is most impo -rtant to
water volume operation, was performed for the whole river basin. The present
work promotes the application of virtual reality to hydraulic projects and
enriches the content of ¡°digital Heihe River¡±.
ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WATER RESOURCES 2005,25(3):58-60
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It is pointed out that the dynamic monitoring data of groundwater is t
he basis for assessment, development and management of groundwater resources, an
d that the time effectiveness and reliability of the monitoring result depend on
the performance of the dynamic monitoring system of groundwater to a great
degree. Based on the ideas, an analysis was made on the current situation of
quality assessment of the groundwater dynamic monitoring system, and the dynamic
Kriging method was introduced and applied based on the dynamic and open
characteristic s of groundwater. The present study promotes the application of
the geo-statistical method to the dynamic and open system.
ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WATER RESOURCES 2005,25(3):61-63
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Some local artificial boundaries for 2-D anti-plane wave motion were summarized, including the viscous boundary, paraxial axial approximation boundary, Higdon boundary, superposition boundary, transmitting boundary, and viscous spring boundary. The advantages and disadvantages of the above boundaries and their relationships were discussed, and the precision and applicability of the boundaries were compared. Finally, some advances in the research of the stability of local boundaries, especially high-order boundaries, were introduced.
ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WATER RESOURCES 2005,25(3):64-67
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In consideration of some existing problems to be solved in tobacco production in China, some ideas about water saving irrigation and water fertilize r coupling technique for tobacco planting were proposed, i.e. to establish a rational irrigation system and to strengthen the study on the effect of water fertilizer coupling technique, so as to further improve the rank and quality of tobacco and guarantee the sustainable development of tobacco production in China.
ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WATER RESOURCES 2005,25(3):68-70
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Editor: Editorial Board of ADVANCES
IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WATER RESOURCES
Address: 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, P.R.China
E-mail: jz@hhu.edu.cn